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общая лексика
механизм (метод) [логического] вывода, машина логического вывода
в ИИ - часть экспертной системы, которая соотносит информацию от пользователя с известными фактами и правилами вывода, хранящимися в базе знаний, и вырабатывает результат, на котором затем основывается решение, предлагаемое экспертной системой. Обычно активизируется оболочкой ЭС
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математика
индуктивная статистика
математика
статистический вывод
In the field of artificial intelligence, an inference engine is a component of the system that applies logical rules to the knowledge base to deduce new information. The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine. The knowledge base stored facts about the world. The inference engine applies logical rules to the knowledge base and deduced new knowledge. This process would iterate as each new fact in the knowledge base could trigger additional rules in the inference engine. Inference engines work primarily in one of two modes either special rule or facts: forward chaining and backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the known facts and asserts new facts. Backward chaining starts with goals, and works backward to determine what facts must be asserted so that the goals can be achieved.